Environmental and adventure tourism
Ecotourism is the only direction in the tourism industry that is interested in preserving its main resource – the natural environment or its individual components (natural monuments, certain species of animals or plants, etc.). The local population is involved in the process of eco-tourism and is interested in using natural resources on the basis of management, not withdrawal. Any civilized type of tourism must necessarily bear the features of "environmental friendliness", not to disturb the natural balance, and even more so not to cause damage to natural complexes. All types of tourism should include environmental and cultural components, have General education goals and educational orientation.We can distinguish five basic criteria that must be met for ecological tourism:
1. appeal to nature use of mainly natural resources;
2. not causing damage to the environment or minimizing this damage;
3. focus on environmental education and education, and on building equal partnership with nature;
4. focus on preserving the local socio-cultural sphere;
5. economic efficiency from the perspective of sustainable development of the areas where it is carried out.
An adventure or active type of tourism is an active way of traveling along a route, that is, with the expenditure of physical effort of the tourist, made for recreational or sports purposes. In active tourism, there are many types, their varieties and forms.
The main types of this tourism are:
• mountain;
• pedestrian;
• water;
• ski;
* Bicycle, etc.
A type of mountain tourism, for example, is mountaineering, since they are identical to the conditions in which these types of activities are organized and the means of movement. The division into forms depends on the category of complexity of the obstacles to be overcome (non-categorical and categorical hikes), on the organizational basis of tourism (weekend hikes, organized, Amateur and commercial tourism).
All types of active tourism depend on the season, so they can be divided into two large groups: summer and winter.
Summer recreation is much more widely represented in the active form of recreation, it is:
* mountain bike;
* Cycling and horse riding;
• tourist campaign;
• speleotourism;
* horse riding;
* fishing and hunting;
* "tent tourism»;
* Windsurfing, kayaking, yachting or diving;
* rafting or river rafting;
* active sports – paintball, karting, hang gliding, balloon flights, paragliding, skydiving, etc.
Winter sports are the most popular:
• snowboard;
* downhill and cross-country skiing;
* ski trips.